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What is Sodium Thiosulfate?

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Sodium thiosulfate is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula Na2S2O3. It is also known as Disodium thiosulfate or Sodium hyposulfite or Hyposulphite of soda. The molecular weight of disodium thiosulfate is 158.11 g/mol.

Physical and Chemical properties of Sodium thiosulfate

It is a white crystalline with no odour. The density of Sodium hyposulfite is 1.667 g/cm3, and the refractive index is approximately 1.489. Its boiling point is 48.3 °C and has a melting point of 100 °C.

Production of Sodium thiosulfate

At an industrial level, sodium thiosulfate is produced mainly from liquid waste products of sulfur dye or sodium sulfide.

At a laboratory level, sodium thiosulfate is prepared by either 

  • Heating aqueous solution of sodium sulfite in the presence of sulfur or 
  • Boiling aqueous sulfur or sodium hydroxide. The equation is as follows:

6 NaOH + 4 S → 2 Na2S + Na2S2O3 + 3 H2O

Uses of Sodium thiosulfate:

  • Medical use – It is used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning, ringworm and tinea versicolor. Also, it is used in the treatment of some side effects of chemotherapy and hemodialysis.
  • Photographic processing – It is used for photographic paper processing.
  • Extraction of gold – Ammonium thiosulfate and sodium thiosulfate are a component of an alternative lixiviant to cyanide to extract gold.
  • Iodometry – In analytical chemistry, thiosulfate anion reacts with iodine stoichiometrically in aqueous solution, which reduces to iodide and the thiosulfate oxidized to tetrathionate. The reaction is as follows:

2 S2O2−3 + I2 → S4O2−6 + 2 I−

Reactions of Sodium thiosulfate

  • When sodium thiosulfate is heated to 300 °C, it decomposes to sodium polysulfide and sodium sulfate. The reaction is as follows:

4 Na2S2O3 → 3 Na2SO4 + Na2S5

  • Acidification of this salt with even dilute acids gives incomplete decomposition to sulfur dioxide, water, and sulfur. The reaction is given below:

Na2S2O3 + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + S + SO2 + H2O

  • Alkylation of sodium thiosulfate produces S-alkyl thiosulfates. The reaction is explained by the synthesis of thioglycolic acid.

ClCH2CO2H + Na2S2O3 → Na[O3S2CH2CO2H] + NaCl

Na[O3S2CH2CO2H] + H2O → HSCH2CO2H + NaHSO4

  • Aluminium cation reaction – 

When sodium thiosulfate is heated with a sample that contains aluminium cations, it produces a white precipitate. The reaction is given below:

2 Al3+ + 3 S2O2−3 + 3 H2O → 3 SO2 + 3 S + 2 Al(OH)3

To get content on the various chemical reactions of sodium thiosulfate or any other chemistry-related topic such as electron configuration register to BYJU’S – The Learning App. 


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